Domestic Politics and International Relations

• Author: Helen V. Milner
• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• ISBN: 9780691011769
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 309
• View: 5148

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Increasingly scholars of international relations are rallying around the idea that "domestic politics matters." Few, however, have articulated precisely how or why it matters. In this significant book, Helen Milner lays out the first fully developed theory of domestic politics, showing exactly how domestic politics affects international outcomes. In developing this rational-choice theory, Milner argues that any explanation that treats states as unitary actors is ultimately misleading. She describes all states as polyarchic, where decision-making power is shared between two or more actors (such as a legislature and an executive). Milner constructs a new model based on two-level game theory, reflecting the political activity at both the domestic and international levels. She illustrates this model by taking up the critical question of cooperation among nations. Milner examines the central factors that influence the strategic game of domestic politics. She shows that it is the outcome of this internal game--not fears of other countries' relative gains or the likelihood of cheating--that ultimately shapes how the international game is played out and therefore the extent of cooperative endeavors. The interaction of the domestic actors' preferences, given their political institutions and levels of information, defines when international cooperation is possible and what its terms will be. Several test cases examine how this argument explains the phases of a cooperative attempt: the initiation, the negotiations at the international level, and the eventual domestic ratification. The book reaches the surprising conclusion that theorists--neo-Institutionalists and Realists alike--have overestimated the likelihood of cooperation among states.

Domestic Politics and International Relations

• Author: Helen V. Milner
• Publisher: N.A
• ISBN: 9780691011776
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 309
• View: 2304

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Increasingly scholars of international relations are rallying around the idea that "domestic politics matters." Few, however, have articulated precisely how or why it matters. In this significant book, Helen Milner lays out the first fully developed theory of domestic politics, showing exactly how domestic politics affects international outcomes. In developing this rational-choice theory, Milner argues that any explanation that treats states as unitary actors is ultimately misleading. She describes all states as polyarchic, where decision-making power is shared between two or more actors (such as a legislature and an executive). Milner constructs a new model based on two-level game theory, reflecting the political activity at both the domestic and international levels. She illustrates this model by taking up the critical question of cooperation among nations. Milner examines the central factors that influence the strategic game of domestic politics. She shows that it is the outcome of this internal game--not fears of other countries' relative gains or the likelihood of cheating--that ultimately shapes how the international game is played out and therefore the extent of cooperative endeavors. The interaction of the domestic actors' preferences, given their political institutions and levels of information, defines when international cooperation is possible and what its terms will be. Several test cases examine how this argument explains the phases of a cooperative attempt: the initiation, the negotiations at the international level, and the eventual domestic ratification. The book reaches the surprising conclusion that theorists--neo-Institutionalists and Realists alike--have overestimated the likelihood of cooperation among states.

Third International Student Edition

• Author: Frieden, Jeffry A,Lake, David A
• Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
• ISBN: 0393283526
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 704
• View: 8748

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Why are there wars? Why do countries struggle to cooperate to prevent genocides or to protect the environment? Why are some countries rich while others are poor? Organised around the puzzles that draw scholars and students alike to the study of international relations, World Politics gives students the tools they need to think analytically about the field 's most compelling questions.

Interests and Institutions in Western Europe

• Author: Ellen M. Immergut
• Publisher: CUP Archive
• ISBN: 9780521413350
• Category: Business & Economics
• Page: 336
• View: 5878

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Political institutions can have tremendous impact on policy. In this book, Ellen Immergut vividly demonstrates this important and interesting phenomenon through a comparative analysis of the politics of national health insurance in Sweden, France and Switzerland--three countries where the same legislative proposals have been considered but where the policy results vary widely. In each country, politicians proposed programs of national health insurance and measures to regulate the economic activities of the medical profession. Although these proposals triggered similar political conflicts and reactions in all the countries, these three health systems developed in divergent directions as a result of the specific legislative proposals enacted into law in each country. Immergut argues that institutional rules and procedures, and not the demands and resources of social groups, set the terms for political conflicts.

Actors, Institutions and Financial Crises in Latin America

• Author: J. Santiso
• Publisher: Springer
• ISBN: 1403973784
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 255
• View: 2407

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This book takes a cross-disciplinary look at the financial markets of emerging markets in Latin America. The author wants to disassemble the black box that is the financial market: what are the motivations and interests of the various actors, both institutional and individual?; How do these interact with each other?; How does this information help us understand the Mexican crisis in the 90s and the current crisis in Argentina? The author has conducted extensive interviews with brokers, asset managers, economists, strategists, and analysts in the US, UK, Europe, and Latin America, providing significant material for this study.

The Domestic Politics of American Foreign Policy

• Author: Helen V. Milner,Dustin Tingley
• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• ISBN: 1400873827
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 352
• View: 1132

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When engaging with other countries, the U.S. government has a number of different policy instruments at its disposal, including foreign aid, international trade, and the use of military force. But what determines which policies are chosen? Does the United States rely too much on the use of military power and coercion in its foreign policies? Sailing the Water's Edge focuses on how domestic U.S. politics—in particular the interactions between the president, Congress, interest groups, bureaucratic institutions, and the public—have influenced foreign policy choices since World War II and shows why presidents have more control over some policy instruments than others. Presidential power matters and it varies systematically across policy instruments. Helen Milner and Dustin Tingley consider how Congress and interest groups have substantial material interests in and ideological divisions around certain issues and that these factors constrain presidents from applying specific tools. As a result, presidents select instruments that they have more control over, such as use of the military. This militarization of U.S. foreign policy raises concerns about the nature of American engagement, substitution among policy tools, and the future of U.S. foreign policy. Milner and Tingley explore whether American foreign policy will remain guided by a grand strategy of liberal internationalism, what affects American foreign policy successes and failures, and the role of U.S. intelligence collection in shaping foreign policy. The authors support their arguments with rigorous theorizing, quantitative analysis, and focused case studies, such as U.S. foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa across two presidential administrations. Sailing the Water’s Edge examines the importance of domestic political coalitions and institutions on the formation of American foreign policy.

• Author: Jack Knight
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• ISBN: 9780521421898
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 234
• View: 6062

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Many of the fundamental questions in social science entail an examination of the role played by social institutions. Why do we have so many social institutions? Why do they take one form in one society and quite different ones in others? In what ways do these institutions originally develop? And when and why do they change? Institutions and Social Conflict addresses these questions in two ways. First it offers a thorough critique of a wide range of theories of institutional change, from the classical accounts of Smith, Hume, Marx and Weber to the contemporary approaches of evolutionary theory, the theory of social conventions and the new institutionalism. Second, it develops a new theory of institutional change that emphasizes the distributional consequences of social institutions. The emergence of institutions is explained as a by-product of distributional conflict in which asymmetries of power in a society generate institutional solutions to conflicts. The book draws its examples from an extensive variety of social institutions.

Ideas, Interests, and Identities

• Author: W. Richard Scott
• Publisher: SAGE Publications
• ISBN: 1483321916
• Category: Business & Economics
• Page: 360
• View: 9082

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Creating a clear, analytical framework, this fully updated fourth edition of Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests, and Identities, by W. Richard Scott, offers a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between institutional theory and the study of organizations. Reflecting the richness and diversity of institutional thought—viewed both historically and as a contemporary, ongoing field of study—this edition draws on the insights of cultural and organizational sociologists, institutional economists, social and cognitive psychologists, political scientists, and management theorists. The book reviews and integrates the most important recent developments in this rapidly evolving field and strengthens and elaborates the author’s widely accepted “pillars” framework, which supports research and theory construction. By exploring the differences as well as the underlying commonalities of institutional theories, the book presents a cohesive view of the many flavors and colors of institutionalism. It also evaluates and clarifies developments in both theory and research while identifying future research directions.

Ideas, Interests, and Institutions

• Author: Richard A. Harris,Daniel J. Tichenor
• Publisher: ABC-CLIO
• ISBN: 185109718X
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 1430
• View: 9505

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This reference resource combines unique historical analysis, scholarly essays, and primary source documents to explore the evolution of ideas and institutions that have shaped American government and Americans' political behavior. • Over 50 contributors, including a mix of distinguished and cutting-edge political scientists and historians • Nearly 200 primary sources, including Federalist and Anti-Federalist writings, presidential speeches, and landmark Supreme Court cases • Classic engravings and political cartoons aligned with key periods in American political development • Tables of presidents and congressional leadership and maps showing electoral votes over time • Name and subject indexes for each volume

• Author: Thomas Oatley
• Publisher: Routledge
• ISBN: 1351034642
• Category:
• Page: 448
• View: 6898

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Broadly viewing the global economy as a political competition that produces winners and losers, International Political Economy holistically and accessibly introduces the field of IPE to students with limited background in political theory, history, and economics. This text surveys major interests and institutions and examines how state and non-state actors pursue wealth and power. Emphasizing fundamental economic concepts as well as the interplay between domestic and international politics, International Political Economy not only explains how the global economy works; it also encourages students to think critically about how economic policy is made in the context of globalization. New to the 6th Edition Covers economic impacts of 2016 electoral events including new Trump administration initiatives related to TPP and NAFTA; UK and Brexit, and the European populist wave. Examines the global financial crisis, EU debt crisis, capital inflows, and development failures. Probes the death of the Doha Round and explores individual trade preferences, WTO dispute settlement, and other trade-related policies and proposals. Considers the question of the Chinese Renminbi as a global currency to displace the dollar.

• Author: Petra Ahrens
• Publisher: Springer
• ISBN: 1137570601
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 305
• View: 4231

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This book is an actor-centred sociological study of the EU-level processes that produce gender equality policy. Based on interviews and documentary analysis, the study unpacks the process of the “Roadmap for Equality between Women and Men 2006-2010” to explain the different roles of actors in the making of EU gender equality policies. By analysing policy processes inside institutions and among institutions, the study focuses on the internal working logics in and between EU-level institutions. It highlights the shifting spaces, openings, and constraints for the development of gender equality policies. Concentrating on EU policy programmes helps shed light on the invisible aspects of EU gender equality policy-making and how this process changed regarding actors, structure and content in the late 2000s. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of EU politics, gender politics, and public policy, as well as to institutional and non-governmental actors in the area of gender politics in Europe and the working of EU politics.

Bridging Institutional and Ideational Differences in an Unstable World

• Author: Mario Telò,Ding Chun,Zhang Xiaotong
• Publisher: Routledge
• ISBN: 1351701703
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 256
• View: 762

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The China-EC/EU relationship, started in 1975, is a highly institutionalized, multidimensional and complex, but to some extent controversial international partnership. It is also challenged within the current unstable world. This book addresses the convergences and the differences (ideational, political, institutional and interests-related) between China and the EU by a collective interaction between Chinese and European scholars. Among other things the book assesses sectoral bilateral dialogue and focuses on the interplay between internal complexity and external policies, discusses ideational divergences in international law and rule of law and in many relevant policy fields. Furthermore, it compares sustainable growth policies; explores trade and investment controversies and negotiations, human rights dialogue; and addresses environment and climate change policies. This text will be of key interest to EU studies and politics, China studies and more broadly to area/Asian studies and international relations/global governance.

Evolving Interests and Strategies

• Author: Steven B. Rothman,Utpal Vyas,Yoichiro Sato
• Publisher: Routledge
• ISBN: 1351968564
• Category: History
• Page: 250
• View: 5798

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This volume discusses the relationship between economics, geopolitics and regional institutional growth and development in the Asia-Pacific region. How do states (re)define their relationships amid the current global power transition? How do rival actors influence the rules and formation of new institutions for their own benefit? What role will institutions take as independent actors in influencing and constraining the behavior of states? Institutional development in Asia is characterized by idiosyncratic and diverse motivations (both material and non-material), a variety of policy strategies (strategic and norm-based), and the looming question of China’s future depth of involvement as its economic position becomes more stable and its confidence in foreign affairs grows. The book reflects the broadening definition of Asia by examining multiple perspectives, including Japan, China, South Korea, the United States, Australia, India, Russia, and Taiwan. In addition to state actors, the contributors address several important regional institutions in development such as the ASEAN (+3, +6, and the East Asian Summit), the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), existing security alliances, and other bilateral institutions. Ultimately, this volume describes the unique, slow, and diverse growth of a multitude of regional institutions, the complexities of generating cooperation, membership concerns, and competition between states and with existing institutions in the context of China’s increasing confidence and strength. This book will be of much interest to students of Asian politics, regional security, international organizations, and foreign policy.

Institutions and legitimacy in a complex world

• Author: Philipp Pattberg,Fariborz Zelli
• Publisher: Routledge
• ISBN: 1317449924
• Category: Business & Economics
• Page: 268
• View: 4066

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The term Anthropocene denotes a new geological epoch characterized by the unprecedented impact of human activities on the Earth’s ecosystems. While the natural sciences have advanced their understanding of the drivers and processes of global change considerably over the last two decades, the social sciences lag behind in addressing the fundamental challenge of governance and politics in the Anthropocene. This book attempts to close this crucial research gap, in particular with regards to the following three overarching research themes: (i) the meaning, sense-making and contestations emerging around the concept of the Anthropocene related to the social sciences; (ii) the role and relevance of institutions, both formal and informal as well as international and transnational, for governing in the Anthropocene; and (iii) the role and relevance of accountability and other democratic principles for governing in the Anthropocene. Drawing together a range of key thinkers in the field, this volume provides one of the first authoritative assessments of global environmental politics and governance in the Anthropocene, reflecting on how the planetary scale crisis changes the ways in which humans respond to the challenge. This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of global environmental politics and governance, and sustainable development.

• Author: Kristian Coates Ulrichsen
• Publisher: Springer
• ISBN: 1137385618
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 274
• View: 7876

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Kristian Coates Ulrichsen documents the startling rise of the Arab Gulf States as regional powers with international reach and provides a definitive account of how they have become embedded in the global system of power, politics, and policy-making.

• Author: Paola Leone,Gianfranco A. Vento
• Publisher: Springer
• ISBN: 023036232X
• Category: Business & Economics
• Page: 363
• View: 2069

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This book analyses and confronts the functioning of guarantee systems for SMEs in countries where these schemes had an important development. The book also highlights how the current financial crisis is modifying the guarantees schemes, through policy maker interventions.

Outcomes and Consequences

• Author: Svante Ersson,Jan-Erik Lane
• Publisher: Routledge
• ISBN: 113467225X
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 352
• View: 5655

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The New Institutional Politics is a comparative study of the impact of political institutions upon outcomes, and covers some of the major themes in the new institutionalism. It looks at how various democratic institutions like Konkordanzdemokratie or corporatism promote better outcomes than Westminster institutions. The evaluation of the performance of political institutions covers the executive, the legislature and the judicial system. The book also looks at economic outcomes such as affluence and GDP growth as well as social ones like income distribution and quality of life. It examines the problems of institutional effects in democracies and dictatorships and provides analysis of some of the major models in political science. This is an exploration of how political institutions matter for political, economic and social outcomes. It estimates their impact in relation to other major factors such as culture and social structure. It is written for political scientists and graduates studying comparative politics.

• Author: R. A. W. Rhodes,Sarah A. Binder,Bert A. Rockman
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• ISBN: 0199548463
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 816
• View: 3144

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The Oxford Handbooks of Political Science are the essential guide to the state of political science today. With engaging contributions from 39 major international scholars, The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions provides the key point of reference for anyone working on political institutions and beyond.

• Author: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice
• Publisher: National Academies Press
• ISBN: 0309145449
• Category: Medical
• Page: 436
• View: 6862

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Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.

• Author: Barry Ames
• Publisher: University of Michigan Press
• ISBN: 9780472021437
• Category: Political Science
• Page: 352
• View: 3236

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Many countries have experimented with different electoral rules in order either to increase involvement in the political system or make it easier to form stable governments. Barry Ames explores this important topic in one of the world's most populous and important democracies, Brazil. This book locates one of the sources of Brazil's "crisis of governance" in the nation's unique electoral system, a system that produces a multiplicity of weak parties and individualistic, pork-oriented politicians with little accountability to citizens. It explains the government's difficulties in adopting innovative policies by examining electoral rules, cabinet formation, executive-legislative conflict, party discipline and legislative negotiation. The book combines extensive use of new sources of data, ranging from historical and demographic analysis in focused comparisons of individual states to unique sources of data for the exploration of legislative politics. The discussion of party discipline in the Chamber of Deputies is the first multivariate model of party cooperation or defection in Latin America that includes measures of such important phenomena as constituency effects, pork-barrel receipts, ideology, electoral insecurity, and intention to seek reelection. With a unique data set and a sophisticated application of rational choice theory, Barry Ames demonstrates the effect of different electoral rules for election to Brazil's legislature. The readership of this book includes anyone wanting to understand the crisis of democratic politics in Brazil. The book will be especially useful to scholars and students in the areas of comparative politics, Latin American politics, electoral analysis, and legislative studies. Barry Ames is the Andrew Mellon Professor of Comparative Politics and Chair, Department of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh.