Using the metaphor of the socially constructed organization of space, this text takes a broad view of the evolution of urban America, from its historical roots to the present. It examines how policies respond to and affect the organization of space, and it looks to the future of American cities.

Market dominance - encompassing single firm dominance, overt and tacit collusion mergers and vertical restraints - raises many complex analytical and policy issues. All have been subjected recently to close theoretical scrutiny and policy development, especially within the European Union, as well as extensive discussion in the news media following a number of widely reported cases. Written by a leading authority in the field, Market Dominance and Antitrust Policy combines an analysis of the issues with a discussion of the leading cases in the UK, EU and US. Areas covered include market dominance and the institutions used to deal with it, the market conduct of dominant firms, and the relationship between firms and their suppliers or distributors. The concluding section deals with a number of controversial and unresolved questions including possible conflicts between trade and antitrust policy, the foreign ownership of domestic assets, extra-territorial claims by some countries and the apparent inadequacy of antitrust remedies. This book will be welcomed by students, researchers and policymakers as an important, up-to-date review and analysis of both the theoretical and policy problems associated with market dominance.

America has entered its second century of antitrust law. The United States has come through the 1980s of laissez faire when antitrust had its lowest profile since the Hoover days, lawyers advised clients that anything goes, and theorists justified non-enforcement of the law by Chicago School economics--the claim that antitrust exists only to create efficiency and that business freedom creates efficiency. Meanwhile, the European Community has a developing body of antitrust law. It rejects the Chicago School as ignoring market realities, and it incorporates into its law values of opportunity, access, open markets and the right to be free from exploitation. The newly democratized European nations and Russia all have moved to market economies and adopted antitrust law in the image of the European Community, in spite of the carpet baggers trying to sell laissez faire. The Supreme Court of the United States has now reversed the swing of the U.S. antitrust pendulum, rejecting Chicago School theory in favor of market reality and accepting the fact that there is an antitrust right not to be coerced and abused by market power. What is the intellectual foundation of this new antitrust--this law that respects efficiency, progressiveness, access, and freedom from abuse of power, and which reflects the need of business firms to be active and agile players in a global marketplace? That foundation is contained in Revitalizing Antitrust in its Second Century. This is the only book that provides the underpinnings for the new antitrust. It is the only book that helps the scholar/lawyer/business advisor/student understand the direction of antitrust and how to predict the course of the law. Four of the authors in the book were cited by the Supreme Court in its June opinion; one was cited eleven times. Revitalizing Antitrust in its Second Century is an indispensable volume for lawyers, economists, business advisors, sholars and students of law, economics, business and political economy.

More than any other area of regulation, antitrust economics shapes law and policy in the United States, the Americas, Europe, and Asia. In a number of different areas of antitrust, advances in theory and empirical work have caused a fundamental reevaluation and shift of some of the assumptions behind antitrust policy. This reevaluation has profound implications for the future of the field. The Oxford Handbook of International Antitrust Economics has collected chapters from many of the leading figures in antitrust. In doing so, this two volume Handbook provides an important reference guide for scholars, teachers, and practitioners. However, it is more than a merely reference guide. Rather, it has a number of different goals. First, it takes stock of the current state of scholarship across a number of different antitrust topics. In doing so, it relies primarily upon the economics scholarship. In some situations, though, there is also coverage of legal scholarship, case law developments, and legal policies. The second goal of the Handbook is to provide some ideas about future directions of antitrust scholarship and policy. Antitrust economics has evolved over the last 60 years. It has both shaped policy and been shaped by policy. The Oxford Handbook of International Antitrust Economics will serve as a policy and research guide of next steps to consider when shaping the future of the field of antitrust.

A uniquely important contribution to the debate on EC State aid, this book captures the direct knowledge and experience of twenty-six current and former Commission State aid litigators, offering detailed 'insider' analysis of EC State aid court cases, as well as related internal legal issues, between 1994 and 2008. The book brings together both legal and economic analysis, with detailed reflections on aspects of both substantive legal rules and procedural law. It also offers, over and above the specific interest of the contributions it contains, invaluable insights into the working methods of the Commission Legal Service. This collaborative work was conceived and realized by its authors as a mark of recognition, and a gesture of respect and friendship, for Francisco Santaolalla, on the occasion of his retirement from the Commission after fourteen years' service as Director of the State aid team. Among the many legal and economic forces affecting State aid litigation, the authors focus on such factors as the following:A {exports;A {private investment;A {role of economic analysis;A {ecotaxes;A {privatization;A {remedies;A {existing aid;A {third parties;A {actions against State aid decisions;A {national court decisions;A {fiscal discipline; andA {WTO subsidies law. In illuminating the underlying issues, and describing how they are handled by the Commission Legal Service, the authors shed light on the likely future development of State aid law. The book will be of particular interest to antitrust practitioners as well as academics

The government plays increasingly active and diversified roles in the modern economy. How to draw the boundary between the market and the state has emerged as a contentious issue in various areas of law, including constitutional law, antitrust, and international trade. This Article surveys and critiques the law's current approaches to the market-versus-state divide, embodied in four tests based on ownership, control, function, and role, respectively. This Article proposes an alternative market-versus-state test based on the nature of the power being exercised in the challenged action. This power-based test not only better distinguishes between the market and the state, but also illuminates why the market-versus-state distinction needs to be made in the first place. Applying this power-based test would bring much needed logic and clarity to many market-versus-state issues in various legal contexts.