Biotechnology is advancing at a rapid pace with numerous applications in medicine, industry, agriculture and environmental remediation. Recognizing this, government, industrial and academic research and development invest ment in biotechnology has expanded rapidly. The past decade has seen the emergence of applications of this technology with a dual-use potential. Mili tary applications focus on four major areas: biomedical technology, such as vaccine development and medical diagnostics; detection of toxins, chemicals and pathogens; material biotechnology; and biological decontamination, in cluding biodegradation and bioremediation. This conference emphasizes the non-medical applications of biotechnol ogy. The first two sessions focus on the synthesis and properties of molecules that may be used in detectors. The traditional approach to detection of chemical and biological agents relied on the development of specific assays or analyses for known agents. Advances in molecular biology have made possible the production of large quantities of toxins which were previously available in minute quantities, and the molecular engineering of toxins and pathogens with specific pharmacologic and physical-chemical properties. In addition to the traditional approaches to detection of specific known compounds, biotechnology now offers generic approaches to detection. Physiological targets, known as receptors, are primary targets for many drugs and toxins. Similarly, pathogens rely on receptors to gain access to cells. These receptors function as sensitive detectors, generating signals which are transduced and amplified.

SPIE Milestones are collections of seminal papers from the world literature covering important discoveries and developments in optics and photonics.

Contains contributions from leading experts in the field describing strategies aimed toward the structural control of extended assemblies, from thin films to layered structures to three-dimensional systems. Discusses the characterization of potential novel electronic, optical, catalytic, and other physical properties of the new systems. Examines recent research in selective monolayer assemblies on electrode surfaces, functionalized pillared layered materials, and assemblies of conductors, semiconductor clusters, or nonlinear optical materials in three-dimensionally ordered hosts such as zeolites. Includes tutorials and reviews on the synthetic control of thin films, layered structures, and three-dimensional systems.

Advances in Biotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Biotechnology. The editors have built Advances in Biotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Biotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Biotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

This book treats an increasingly important subject, the effective management of technology, and brings an engineer’s perspective to the discussion. Many engineers and scientists are charged by their organizations with anticipating technology needs of their companies and managing the integration of technology into the workplace. These days it is a critical skill for engineers to make accurate appraisals of trends, costs, and how technologies will benefit the company and the needs of the customer. Khalil’s book is the only book available in this market that addresses these topics.