Abstract : A multicomponent vaporization model is integrated with detailed fuel chemistry and soot models for simulating biodiesel–diesel spray combustion. Biodiesel, a fuel mixture comprised of fatty-acid methyl esters, is an attractive alternative to diesel fuel for use in compression-ignition engines. Accurately modelling of the spray, vaporization, and combustion of the fuel mixture is critical to predicting engine performance using biodiesel. In this study, a discrete-component vaporization model was developed to simulate the vaporization of biodiesel drops. The model can predict differences in the vaporization rates of different fuel components. The model was validated by use of experimental data of the measured biodiesel drop size history and spray penetration data obtained from a constant-volume chamber. Gas phase chemical reactions were simulated using a detailed reaction mechanism that also includes PAH reactions leading to the production of soot precursors. A phenomenological multi-step soot model was utilized to predict soot emissions from biodiesel–diesel combustion. The soot model considered various steps of soot formation and destruction, such as soot inception, surface growth, coagulation, and PAH condensation, as well as oxidation by oxygen and hydroxyl-containing molecules. The overall numerical model was validated with experimental data on flame structure and soot distributions obtained from a constant-volume chamber. The model was also applied to predict combustion, soot and NOx emissions from a diesel engine using different biodiesel–diesel blends. The engine simulation results were further analysed to determine the soot emissions characteristics by use of biodiesel–diesel fuels.

Papers presented at the conference.

Like coal and petroleum, biomass is a form of stored solar energy. The energy of the sun is "captured" through the process of photosynthesis in growing plants. Like all methods used to generate energy, the combustion of biomass generates pollution as a by-product. One advantage of biofuel in comparison to most other fuel types is that the energy within the biomass can be stored for an indefinite amount of time without any danger. Agricultural products specifically grown for use as biofuels include corn and soybeans, primarily in the United States, as well as flaxseed and rapeseed, primarily in Europe, and hemp is a growing crop around the world except for in America. Waste from industry, agriculture, forestry, and households can also be used to produce bioenergy; examples include straw, lumber, manure, sewage, garbage and food leftovers. Biomass used as fuel often consists of under-utilised types, like chaff and animal waste. Much research is currently in progress into the utilisation of microalgae as an energy source, with applications being developed for biodiesel, ethanol, methanol, methane, and even hydrogen. On the rise is use of hemp, although current politics restrains it. This book presents the latest leading edge research in a field set to explode with growth.

Surfactants play a critical role in Tribology controlling friction, wear, and lubricant properties such as emulsification, demulsification, bioresistance, oxidation resistance, rust prevention and corrosion resistance. This is a critical topic for new materials and devices particularly those built at the nanoscale. This newest volume will address tribological properties of cutting fluids, lubricant performance related to steel surfaces, biolubricants, and novel materials and ways to reduce friction and wear. Scientists from industrial research and development (R&D) organizations and academic research teams in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America will participate in the work.

The Diesel Engine Reference Book, Second Edition, is a comprehensive work covering the design and application of diesel engines of all sizes. The first edition was published in 1984 and since that time the diesel engine has made significant advances in application areas from passenger cars and light trucks through to large marine vessels. The Diesel Engine Reference Book systematically covers all aspects of diesel engineering, from thermodynamics theory and modelling to condition monitoring of engines in service. It ranges through subjects of long-term use and application to engine designers, developers and users of the most ubiquitous mechanical power source in the world. The latest edition leaves few of the original chapters untouched. The technical changes of the past 20 years have been enormous and this is reflected in the book. The essentials however, remain the same and the clarity of the original remains. Contributors to this well-respected work include some of the most prominent and experienced engineers from the UK, Europe and the USA. Most types of diesel engines from most applications are represented, from the smallest air-cooled engines, through passenger car and trucks, to marine engines. The approach to the subject is essentially practical, and even in the most complex technological language remains straightforward, with mathematics used only where necessary and then in a clear fashion. The approach to the topics varies to suit the needs of different readers. Some areas are covered in both an overview and also in some detail. Many drawings, graphs and photographs illustrate the 30 chapters and a large easy to use index provides convenient access to any information the readers requires.

The role that combustion plays in the world’s energy systems will continue to evolve with the changes in technological demands. For example, the challenges that we face today are more focused on the conservation of energy and addressing environmental concerns, which together necessitate cleaner and more efficient combustion processes using a range of fuel sources. This book includes contributions to highlight the recent progress in theory and experiments, development, and demonstration of technologies and systems involving combustion processes, for the production, storage, use, and conservation of energy.

Advances in Clean Energy: Production and Application supports sustainable clean energy technology and green fuel for clean combustion by reviewing the pros and cons of currently available technologies specifically for biodiesel production from biomass sources, recent fuel modification strategy, low-temperature combustion technology, including other biofuels as well. Written for researchers, graduate students, and professionals in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, energy, and environmental engineering, this book: Covers global energy scenarios and future energy demands pertaining to clean energy technologies Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies used for biofuel production Includes new technologies and perspectives, giving up-to-date and state-of-the-art information on research and commercialization Discusses all conversion methods including biochemical and thermochemical Examines the environmental consequences of biomass-based biofuel use

With a focus on ecology, economy and engine performance, diesel engines are explored in relation to current research and developments. The prevalent trends in this development are outlined with particular focus on the most frequently used alternative fuels in diesel engines; the properties of various type of biodiesel and the concurrent improvement of diesel engine characteristics using numeric optimization alongside current investigation and research work in the field. Following of a short overview of engine control, aftertreatment and alternative fuels, Green Diesel Engine explores the effects of biodiesel usage on injection, fuel spray, combustion, and tribology characteristics, and engine performance. Additionally, optimization procedures of diesel engine characteristics are discussed using practical examples and each topic is corroborated and supported by current research and detailed illustrations. This thorough discussion provides a solid foundation in the current research but also a starting point for fresh ideas for engineers involved in developing/adjusting diesel engines for usage of alternative fuels, researchers in renewable energy, as well as to engineers, advanced undergraduates, and postgraduates.